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VOL. 12, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Flexible and wearable electronics: Materials, applications and future trends
Authors
Monika Devi
Abstract
Flexible and wearable electronics integrate
electrical functionality with mechanically compliant substrates that can bend,
stretch, twist, or conform to the human body. Unlike conventional rigid
electronics, these systems are designed to preserve performance under repeated
deformation and during direct contact with complex surfaces. Their development
depends on advances in flexible semiconductors, conductive nanomaterials,
stretchable interconnects, dielectric materials, encapsulation layers, energy
systems, and manufacturing processes. This paper reviews the principal material
classes used in flexible and wearable electronics, including organic
semiconductors, two-dimensional materials, conductive polymers, metallic
nanostructures, carbon-based materials, liquid metals, elastomers, and
biodegradable substrates. Applications in healthcare, human-machine interfaces,
sports monitoring, soft robotics, electronic skins, energy harvesting, and
environmental sensing are examined. The paper also discusses persistent
challenges involving durability, biocompatibility, power supply, data security,
manufacturing scalability, and environmental sustainability. Future progress is
expected to rely on multifunctional materials, self-powered systems,
biointegrated devices, recyclable architectures, artificial intelligence, and high-throughput
manufacturing.
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Pages:1-6
How to cite this article:
Monika Devi "Flexible and wearable electronics: Materials, applications and future trends". International Journal of Research in Advanced Engineering and Technology, Vol 12, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-6
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